Arthritis in horses is a broad term that describes stiff, painful joints, and it may account for up to 60 percent of lameness cases in horses. Though it is most common in horses over 15, arthritis can affect horses of any age, and normal wear and tear from aging is not the sole cause.
Understanding what causes arthritis in horses can help you take proactive steps to protect your horse’s long-term joint health.
Types of Arthritis in Horses
There are several types of arthritis that horses can develop, some more preventable than others.
Osteoarthritis in Horses
Osteoarthritis is the most common type of equine arthritis. It is caused by the degeneration of cartilage that cushions the ends of your horse’s joints over time due to everyday wear and tear.
Contributing factors may include:
- Excess weight
- Repeated stress on joints from athletic activities
- Old injuries
- Genetics
- Improper hoof trimming or shoeing that affects posture and joint alignment
As cartilage wears down, inflammation increases, and joint movement becomes painful. Over time, this can limit performance and overall comfort.
Septic Arthritis in Horses
Septic arthritis manifests as inflammation around the joint and, in some cases, around the bone and bone marrow as well. In foals, it is typically caused by a bloodborne infection contracted in utero. In adult horses, it is usually caused by bacteria entering the joint through a wound, surgery, or injury.
If treated promptly, septic arthritis is an acute condition from which your horse can fully recover. However, a history of septic arthritis may contribute to osteoarthritis later in life.
In some cases, veterinarians may recommend treatments found in the Horse Hip and Joint category to help manage inflammation and discomfort.
